Glossary
A
- AC motor
- A motor driven by alternating current
- Armature
- The component (stator or rotor) in a motor that generates the magnetic field from the supplied electric power
- Armature coil
- The winding that generates the magnetic field in the motor's stator or rotor
B
- Bipolar
- A technique of a stepper motor where the electrical current flows in either direction in separate coils
- Brush
- Component in a DC motor that is connected in series with the external power supply and reverses the electrical current through electrical contact with the commutator
- Brushless motor
- A DC motor that, in place of brushes and a commutator, uses a position detector or other such means to reverse the electircal current that drives the motor
C
- Capacitor
- An electronic component that stores electrical energy
- Closed loop
- A motor control technique that operates with the use of feedback (by monitoring the rotor position, etc.)
- Commutator
- A component in a DC motor that rotates along with the rotor to reverse electical current through electrical contact with the brushes
- Converter
- The circuit in the driver for a brushless DC motor that converts the supplied electric power from alternating to direct current
- Coreless motor
- A brushed DC motor with a rotor that lacks an iron core, or a brushless DC motor with a stator that lacks an iron core
D
- DC motor
- A motor driven by direct current
- Detent torque (residual torque)
- The maximum externally applied torque needed to rotate a stepper motor with no current flow (no magnetic excitation) and open terminals
F
- Field (magnetic field)
- The magnetic field generated in the motor by a permanent or electro-magnet
H
- Holding torque (maximum stationary torque)
- The torque that holds a stepper motor stationary with maximum current flow when attempting to rotate the motor
- Hybrid (HB) type
- A stepper motor that has a set of teeth on its rotor like a VR motor, and that rotates by both reluctance torque and magnet torque
- Hysteresis motor
- An AC motor that uses a material in the rotor that exhibits hysteresis and that rotates by means of the hysteresis torque
I
- Inductance
- The effect that opposes or resists the change of current flow through a motor coil
- Interior permanent magnet motor
- A brushless motor in which permanent magnets are embedded in the interior of the rotor
L
- Linear motor
- A motor that produces liniar force rather than rotational force
- Load inertia
- The moment of inertia of the load or the motor itself
- Loss of synchronization
- The status in which a stepper motor is out of synchronization with the input pulses
M
- Magnetic field
- A region in which a magnetic force is present (directed from the north (N) to the south (S) pole of the magnet)
- Maximum continuous response frequency
- The maximum input pulse frequency at which a stepper motor remains synchronized when increasing its frequency under no load
- Maximum self-start frequency
- The maximum input pulse frequency at which a stepper motor is able to start, stop, and reverse in step syncronized with the input pulse
- Mechatronics
- Technology that combines mechanical and electronic engineering
O
- Open loop
- A motor control technique that operates without the use of feedback (without monitoring the rotor position, etc.)
P
- Permanent magnet (PM) type
- A stepper motor that has permanent magnets in its rotor and rotates by magnet torque alone
- Permanent magnet motor
- A motor that uses permanent magnets to produce magnetic field
- Pull in torque
- The maximum torque at which a steper motor is able to start, stop, and reverse in step syncronized with the input pulse frequency
- Pull out torque
- The maximum torque at which a stepper motor is able to remain synchronized when the frequency of input pulses is gradually increased after starting in the self-start range
- Pulse
- A short burst of electricity produced by turning the power supply on and off
R
- Rotor
- A rotating armature
- Rotor inertia
- The effect that opposes the rotation of the rotor
S
- Self-excited or separately excited motor
- A motor that uses an electromagnet to produce magnetic field
- Self-start range
- The region of the motor characteristics in which a stepper motor with a fixed load is able to start, stop, and reverse in step with the input pulse frequency
- Shading coil
- A closed-circuit coil wound around part of the stator core
- Single-phase
- The conventional AC power supply typically available in homes
- Sirocco fan
- A fan that typically has forward curved blades and blows air perpendicular to the axis of rotation (has more blades than a turbo fan)
- Slew range
- The region of the motor characteristics in which a stepper motor is able to remain synchronized when the frequency or load torque are gradually increased after starting in the self-start range
- Slip
- The phenomenon or status whereby the speed of an AC motor is slower than its synchronous speed.
- SR motor
- A VR stepper motor that also has a function for detecting rotor position, which allows it to avoid loss of synchronization
- Start-up torque
- The maximum torque generated by the motor when starting
- Stator
- A stationary armature
- Step angle
- The angle by which a stepper motor rotates in response to a single pulse
- Stepper motor (stepping motor)
- A motor that rotates one step at a time in response to electrical pulses
- Surface permanent magnet motor
- A brushless motor in which permanent magnets are attached to the circumference of the rotor
T
- Three-phase
- A form of AC power supply mainly found in industry
- Torque curve (speed-torque characteristic)
- A curve representing the relationship between the speed of a motor and its torque and current
- Turbo fan
- A fan that typically has backward curved blades and blows air perpendicular to the axis of rotation (has fewer blades than a sirocco fan)
U
- Ultrasonic motor
- A motor that moves by means of ultrasonic vibrations, using friction to transform the small displacements caused by the vibrational deformation of an element into rotational or linear motion
- Unipolar
- A technique of a stepper motor where the electrical current flows in one direction only in separate coils
- Universal motor
- A motor with a wound rotor and wound stator that works with both alternating and direct current, or a brushed DC motor with an electromagnet as the stator magnet
V
- Variable reluctance (VR) type
- A stepper motor that rotates by reluctance torque alone, without using a permanent magnet
Y
- Yoke
- The part of the motor's stator or rotor that forms the magnetic flux circuit from north to south pole
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